Tuesday, August 20, 2013

St John's and Bell Island


20 August

St John’s Newfoundland is the windiest, wettest, foggiest, snowiest major Canadian city.  Don’t ask me what constitutes a “major city”, since St John’s population is 101,000 people.  Regardless, after a pleasant afternoon yesterday, a front came in last night and today was a cold (for August) dreary day with a high of 55.  We tried to go to The Rooms, but it didn’t open until 10.  So instead we decided to go up Signal Hill where Guglielmo Marconi received the first transatlantic wireless signal in December 1901.  What was extremely interesting to us was the fact that Marconi used a kite with 150ft of wire as his antenna and that he was unaware of the use of the ionosphere to bounce radio signals in the frequency that he was receiving.  The use of the ionosphere was not understood and defined scientifically until 1923.  In other words, Marconi was lucky.



Since the day was such an indoors day, we also went to the Johnson Geo Centre.  This is an earth/space science center and considering the size of St John’s was well done.  We watched a 3D movie on the Monarch butterfly’s migration and the historical discovery that it takes three generations to migrate from Mexico to Canada, but only one super Monarch to make the return trip.  We had also seen a special on National Geographic channel reporting on the same things, but the fact that this one Canadian couple did research for 40 years (although tagging was only over 20 years) and happened to come across a labeled butterfly that was tagged in Toronto in Mexico made the film fascinating.  The couple used supermarket price tags to tag butterflies and citizen scientists to report to them the tag numbers and location.  Citizen scientists also wrote to report if they found any tagged butterflies.  This started in the 1960s and I think the discovery of the Mexico site was in the late 70s early 80s.  The Centre also has a section dedicated to the Titanic.  We caught a short talk about the mistakes made by the Titantic, including not having enough lifeboats, not having the radio room manned 24/7, and the resulting changes implemented by the cruise lines as a result of the accident.  Each person going through that section of the Centre received a piece of paper with a name and history.  I got Mrs Anna Hogeboom, age 51, from NYC, who was traveling in first class and returning from travelling in France and Italy since November 1911.  She survived.  Roger got Svend Jenson, age 19, from Odense Denmark, who was traveling in third class and going to meet family in Oregon who had already emigrated.  His family were farmers who were going to the USA for better opportunities.  He did not survive.  60% of people traveling in first class survived, only 25% of those traveling in third class survived.

After we left Signal Hill we decided to go to take a ferry to Bell Island and tour the Bell Island Mine #2.  The ferry ride was rather choppy due to the wind, but at least it wasn't dreary.
 
Bell Island Mine #2 was an iron mine that operated from 1902 until the mid 60s.  Ed was our tour guide and he really enjoyed talking about the mine as his father was a miner.  The miners worked in teams of two and had a daily shift quota of 20 carts, with each cart holding a little less than a ton.  The miners shoveled the iron and horses brought the carts back to the mouth of the mine.  As the mine got deeper, stables were built for the horses, who could spend up to three months underground.  They would start deep and work their way back up to the mouth.  When their rotation was up, before they left the mine they were blindfolded to protect their eyes.  The horses spent a month in the pastures before entering the mine again.  A good horse could last 20 years in the mines and then they were retired to permanent green pasture.  The men worked 10 hour daily shifts, Monday- Saturday and started working around age 10.  The job the men did depended upon their age, skill level and time in the mine.  The mine went deep and underneath the seabed of Conception Bay.   After the tour we headed back to the ferry and landed back on Newfoundland Island.  From Portugal Cove we drove back by St Johns and headed south to Bauline East and a campground on the Atlantic. 
 

Tomorrow we’ll head to Argentia, which is where we’ll ride the ferry back to Nova Scotia on Thursday evening/Friday morning (14 hours trip.)

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